Protecting Older Adults from Wildfire Smoke
In recent years, wildfires have become more frequent and intense across many parts of the country. The Midwest is currently feeling the effects of Canadian wildfires. Even if you’re far from the fire itself, wildfire smoke can drift for miles, filling the air with fine particles that are hazardous to breathe—especially for older adults.
Why wildfire smoke is riskier for seniors
As we age, our lungs and immune systems naturally become less resilient. Older adults are more likely to have chronic conditions like asthma, COPD, or heart disease, which can be made worse by breathing smoky air. Even healthy older adults can experience shortness of breath, coughing, chest tightness, or fatigue when air quality is poor.
A recent study from the University of Washington found that long-term exposure to wildfire smoke can significantly increase a person’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
What makes wildfire smoke especially dangerous is the tiny particles it contains. These can slip deep into the lungs, triggering inflammation and making it harder for your body to get the oxygen it needs. For seniors, this can lead to serious complications or even hospitalization.
You don’t have to see smoke to be affected by it. Air quality can still be unhealthy on hazy or overcast days, even if the smell of smoke isn’t strong. Fortunately, most local weather reports now include Air Quality Index (AQI) readings. A number over 100 is a red flag for sensitive groups, including older adults. It only takes a few days of exposure to wildfire smoke to have long-term health consequences.
You can check real-time air quality levels through websites such as AirNow (from the Environmental Protection Agency) or IQAir.
When wildfire smoke rolls in, it’s important to take precautions—even if you feel fine. Here are some practical steps older adults (and their families) can take:
Stay indoors when air quality is poor. Keep windows and doors closed. If you have an air conditioner, run it with the fresh air intake closed and a clean filter installed.
Use an air purifier. Portable air purifiers with HEPA filters can make a big difference, especially in bedrooms or main living areas. Even a DIY air filter made with a box fan and furnace filter can help in a pinch.
Avoid adding more pollutants indoors. Skip candles, fireplaces, or vacuuming while the air is smoky. These can stir up particles and worsen indoor air quality.
Wear a mask if you must go outside. We’re all familiar with the health benefits of masking, but not all masks protect against the tiny particles that make up wildfire smoke. A well-fitted N95 mask can filter out these particles, but surgical masks and cloth face coverings won’t offer the same protection.
Keep medications handy. If you rely on an inhaler or take heart or lung medication, make sure your prescriptions are current and accessible. Let your doctor know if you notice new or worsening symptoms.
Don’t be afraid to ask for help. If you or a loved one needs help getting supplies or setting up an air purifier, don’t hesitate to reach out to neighbors, family members, or your local senior center. Many communities offer assistance during wildfire events, especially for older adults living alone. Illinois residents can call the Senior Help Line to be connected to services and assistance.
Wildfire season is a growing reality in many regions, but with the right information and a few simple steps, you can stay safe and protect your health. Keep an eye on the air, have a plan for smoky days, and talk to your doctor if you have any concerns.
Your lungs—and your peace of mind—are worth it.
This article is not intended to replace the advice of your health care provider.
Source: IlluminAge with information from the University of Washington.
